Operating System A computer system has many resources (hardware and software), which may be required to complete a task. Operating System The commonly required resources are input/output devices, memory, file storage space, CPU etc. The operating system acts as a manager of the above resources and allocates them to specific programs and users as necessary …
Evolution of Operating Systems The evolution of operating systems is directly dependent on the development of computer systems and how users use them. Here is a quick tour of computing systems through the past fifty years in the timeline. Early Evolution 1945: ENIAC, Moore School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania. 1949: EDSAC and EDVAC 1949 …
What Are The Types Of Operating Systems? Following are some of the most widely used Types Of Operating Systems Simple Batch System Multiprogramming Batch System Multiprocessor System Distributed Operating System Realtime Operating System SIMPLE BATCH SYSTEMS In this type of system, there is no direct interaction between user and the computer. The user has to …
What is a Process In Operating System? Process In Operating System A program in the execution is called a Process. Process is not the same as program. A process is more than a program code. A process is an ‘active’ entity as opposed to program which is considered to be a ‘passive’ entity. Attributes held by …
What Is Process Scheduling In Operating System? Process Scheduling In Operating System The prime aim of the process scheduling system is to keep the CPU busy all the time and to deliver minimum response time for all programs. For achieving this, the scheduler must apply appropriate rules for swapping processes IN and OUT of CPU. …
CPU Scheduling In Operating System? CPU Scheduling CPU scheduling is a process which allows one process to use the CPU while the execution of another process is on hold(in waiting state) due to unavailability of any resource like I/O etc, thereby making full use of CPU. The aim of CPU scheduling is to make the …
Thread is an execution unit which consists of its own program counter, a stack, and a set of registers. Threads are also known as Lightweight processes. Threads are popular way to improve application through parallelism. The CPU switches rapidly back and forth among the threads giving illusion that the threads are running in parallel. As …
Process Synchronization means sharing system resources by processes in a such a way that, Concurrent access to shared data is handled thereby minimizing the chance of inconsistent data. Maintaining data consistency demands mechanisms to ensure synchronized execution of cooperating processes. Process Synchronization was introduced to handle problems that arose while multiple process executions. Some of …
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Classical Problem of Synchronization Problem of Synchronization Following are some of the classical problem faced while process synchronization in systems where cooperating processes are present. Bounded Buffer Problem This problem is generalised in terms of the Producer-Consumer problem. Solution to this problem is, creating two counting semaphores “full” and “empty” to keep track of the current number …
What is a Deadlock? Deadlock is a set of blocked processes, Deadlock holding a resource and waiting to acquire a resource held by another process. How to avoid Deadlocks Deadlock can be avoided by avoiding at least one of the four conditions, because all this four conditions are required simultaneously to cause deadlock. Mutual Exclusion Resources shared such …
What is Memory Management In Operating System? Memory Management In Operating System Main Memory refers to a physical memory that is the internal memory to the computer. The word main is used to distinguish it from external mass storage devices such as disk drives. Main memory is also known as RAM. The computer is able …
Virtual Memory In Operating System Virtual Memory is a space where large programs can store themselves in form of pages while their execution and only the required pages or portions of processes are loaded into the main memory. This technique is useful as large virtual memory is provided for user programs when a very small …
What Is File System In Operating System? File System In Operating System A file can be “free formed“, indexed or structured collection of related bytes having meaning only to the one who created it. Or in other words an entry in a directory is the file. The file may have attributes like name, creator, date, type, …