| Statements are the instructions given to the computer to perform any kind of action, be it data movements, be it making decisions, or be in repeating action. |
| Various statements provided in C++ : |
| Selection statement |
| The selection statement allow you to choose the set of instructions for execution depending upon an expression value. |
| a) if-else statement: |
| It shows that the condition is checked in if statement if it returns the value true then it execute the statements inside the braces. |
| If it returns false value the automatically the statements in else condition are executed. |
| Syntax |
| if( expression ) |
| { |
| statements; |
| } |
| else |
| { |
| statements; |
| } |
| program. |
| b) Switch statements: |
| C++ provides a multiple branch selection statements known as switch. This selection statement test the value of an expression against the value of the expression. |
| Syntax |
| switch(expression) |
| { |
| case 1: |
| case 2: |
| ……… |
| } |
| Iteration statement |
| The iteration statements allows a set of instructions to be performed repeatedly until a certain condition to be fulfilled. |
| The iteration statements are also called looping statements. Some of the Iteration statement described here |
| a) The for loop: |
| The for loop is easiest to understand of the C++ loops. All its loop controls are gathered at one place. |
| Syntax |
| for( initialization, increment/decrement, termination condition) |
| { |
| …………. |
| ………. |
| } |
| b) The While loop: |
| The second Loop available in C++ is the while loop. The while loop is entry controlled loop. |
| Syntax |
| while(expression) |
| { |
| loop body |
| } |
| Jump statement |
| The jump statement unconditionally transfer the program control within a function. C++ has four statements that perform an unconditional branch. |
| a) The goto statement: |
| The goto statement can transfer a program control any where in the program. The target destination of goto statement is marked by a label. |
| Syntax |
| goto label; |
| : |
| : |
| label: |
| b) The Break statement: |
| The break statement enables a program to skip over part of the code. A break statement terminates the smallest enclosing while, do-while, for or switch statement. |
| Syntax |
| for(;;) |
| { |
| …. |
| continue; |
| …… |
| } |
| d) Exit statement: |
| Like break one can get out of the loop you can get out of the program by using a library function exit(). |
| This function causes the program to terminate as soon as it encountered. |
